John Locke -Philosophy Essay Essay Example for Free

John Locke -Philosophy Essay EssayThe end of law of constitution is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom. For in all the evokes of created beings capable of law, where on that point is no law, there is no freedom John Locke. What I feel that John Locke is attempting to express in his quote is that society believes that by having laws in place the political relation is taking away from the freedom they colossal to endure. However, by having laws in place it actually helps to enforce their rights to freedom. I chose John Locke as my topic for my final examination paper because I have taken an interest in the life he led, his inspirations and his role in politics.John Locke was the first of the classical British empiricists. Empiricists believed that all fellowship derives from experience. He became highly influential to the governmental world, inspiring government representatives such as doubting Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine and James Madison . Locke expressed the radical capture that government is morally obliged to serve hatful by protecting life, liberty and property (n. a, n. d). He explained the principle of checks and balances in secernate to limit the power of government. He also favored representative government and curb of law.Locke insisted that when government violates individual rights, the people have a right to rebel. His views on individual rights, life, felicity and politics led Locke to cash in ones chips known as the 17th century English Philosopher of the enlightenment. John Locke was born(p) August 29, 1632, in Somerset, England. He was the oldest son of Agnes Keene and John Locke. His father was a Puritan lawyer who served as a clerk for justices of the peace (n. a. , n. d). With the assistance of his fathers connections to the English government, Locke received an exceptional education.In 1647 he enrolled at Westminster School in London, where he earned his distinct honor of being named a Kin gs Scholar. This was a privilege that went to only select number of boys and set the path for Locke to figure Christ Church, Oxford in 1652 (n. a. , n. d). Christ Church is considered the most prestigious school in Oxford. During this educational fourth dimension period, Locke engaged in logic and metaphysics. He graduated from Christ Church in 1656 and re off-key two historic period later to pursue a Masters of the Arts. This accomplishment soon led to Locke taking on tutorial sprain at the college.In 1668 Locke was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. The Royal Society is a fellowship of the worlds most eminent scientist and is the oldest scientific academy in continuous hu homophileity (n. a. ,n. d. ). Locke then went on to get philosophy and medicine at the University of Oxford and graduated in 1674 with a knight bachelors of medicine. Locke did not want to commit his life to a unearthly order and therefore turned down a permanent teaching position from Oxford. This ope ned the doors to an opportunity serving as a private physician and secretary to Anthony Ashley Cooper, the Earl of Shaftesbury (Kermerling, 2011).During the summer of 1666, Anthony Ashley Cooper visited Oxford where he met Locke who was at the time studying medicine. Cooper, who was pitiful from a liver cyst which threatened to become swollen and infected, requested that Locke be his someoneal physician. Locke judge and soon moved into a room at the Coopers Exeter House mansion in Westminster, London. Coopers condition worsened and Locke was in a position of opportunity to heal the Earl successfully. In 1668, Locke supervised a successfully surgery and save the life of Anthony Ashley Cooper, the Earl of Shaftesbury.This honorable act led Locke to become a valued partner of Shaftesbury. After Shaftesbury stature grew, so did Lockes responsibilities. He assisted in the Earls business and political matters and after Shaftsbury was made chancellor, Locke became his secretary of prese ntations. Locke was involved in just near everything that Shaftsbury did. This included the formation of the Whig party. The Whig party was a political group which consisted of politicians from the States, England and Scotland who opposed King Charles I of England. Locke maintained correspondence with the party to assist with influencing Parliamentary elections.Shaftsbury was imprisoned for a year and on his release he helped pass the Habeas Corpus Act in 1679 which made it unlawful for government to detain a person without filing formal charges. The act also specified that an individual could not be put on trial for the same charge more than once (n. a. ,n. d). Shaftesbury was a strong influence to John Locke and helped surface his way for future success through experience Empiricist. During the reign of King Charles II it was illegal to write, hear or have books in ones possession that pertained to any negative press against the government. Although it was risky, Locke proce ed his mission.He wrote about his experience with political actions. One treatise attached a claim that the Bible okay tyrants and that p atomic number 18nts had sacrosanct authority over children. A second treatise presented an epic case for liberty and the right of people to rebel against tyrants. He pushed to a radical conclusion which attacked slavery and a defense of revolution (n. a. , n. d. ). Locke fled to Rotterdam on September 7, 1683 to avoid legal action (n. a. , n. d. ). The English government tried to have Locke extradited for trial and come-at-able hanging. Lock fled to London and assumed the name Dr. van der Linden. He signed letters as Lamy or Dr.Lynne (n. a. ,n. d. ). Locke assumed that the government would intercept mail, so he protected friends by referring to them with numbers or mendacious names. His excuse to friends for moving to Holland was that he enjoyed the local beer. In Holland, Locke began to work on his philosophical masterpiece, An Essay Concern ing mankind Understanding which urged people to base their convictions on observation and reason. His argument was that all ideas, simple or complex, are ultimately derived from experience.He challenged the traditional doctrine that learning consisted entirely of reading ancient texts and absorbing religious dogmas (n.a. , n. d. ). He maintained that netherstanding that the world required observation. The essay was published in December 1689, and ceremonious Locke as Englands leading philosopher. In the essay, Locke states the nature of his proposed doctrine Let us then contemplate the mind to be, as we say, white paper, void of all characters, without any ideas How comes it to be furnished?Whenced comes it by that big store which the busy and boundless fancy of man has painted on it with almost endless physique? Whence has it all the materials of reason and knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from experience.In that all our knowledge is founded. (Valasquez, 2011) The bo ok became one of the most widely reprinted and influential works on philosophy. It brought great fame for Locke. So a great deal, that he spent the rest of his life responding to admirers and critics by making revisions in later editions of the book, including detailed accounts of human willing and moral freedom. Locke also published Two Treatise of Civil Government. These writings were published anonymously in order to avoid controversy. The First Treatise is a detailed rejection of the monarchist theories of Robert Filmer.Locke attacked Filmers claim that God sanctioned the absolute power of kings. During this time period, such an attack was risky since it could easily be prosecuted as an attack on the King Charles II. The Second Treatise of Government offers a systematic account of the foundations of political obligation. The views expressed within this treatise were so radical that he only released his name as publisher in his will. Lockes writings did much to inspire the libe rtarian ideals of the American Revolution. This, in turn, set an example which inspired people throughout Europe, Latin America and Asia.Lockes philosophy had a great effect on Americans as well. Thomas Jefferson ranked Locke as the most important thinkers on liberty. He also helped inspire Thomas Paines radical ideas about revolution. James Madison drew most of his fundamental principles of liberty and government from Lockes writings. John Lockes writings were also included in the self-education of Benjamin Franklin. John disco biscuits believed that both girls and boys should learn about Locke. Lockes influence even traveled to France where the French philosopher Voltaire called, Locke the man of the greatest wisdom.What he has not seen clearly, I despair of ever seeing (n. a. , n. d. ). Mathematician and physicist Isaac Newton cherished his company. Locke helped William Penn secure his good name when he was political fugitive, just as Penn had arranged a pardon for Locke when h e had been a political fugitive. Locke was described by the famous English physician Dr. Thomas Sydenham as a man whom, in the acuteness of his intellect, in the steadiness of his judgment, in the simplicity, that is, in the excellence of his manners, I confidently declare to have, amongst the men of our time, few adverts and no superiors.(n. a. , n. d. ).It is astonishing that Lockes work has affected so some a(prenominal) people around the world. He was an undistinguished Oxford scholar. He had a brief experience with a failed diplomatical mission. He was a physician who lacked traditional credentials and had only one patient. His first major work was not published until the age of 57. All of this and he is still one of the leading philosophers of all time. In 1691, John Locke is invited to spend his last years with friends Francis and Damaris Masham.Damaris is also a philosopher and is believed to have been romantically involved with Locke during their study years at Oxford. W hen Locke left for Holland, Damaris was to visit however it did not work out and she married Francis Masham (Uzgalis, 2012). During his repose with the Mashams Locke tutored their son Francis, here he begins to work on his treaties Thoughts Concerning Education. Lockes health gradually began to worsen. He lost most of his hearing and his legs began to swell. He could barely bring himself to rise from bed. Around 300 in the afternoon, Saturday, October 28, 1704 he passed away (n. a, n. d. ). He was sitting in his study with Lady Marsham.Suddenly, he brought his hands to his face, fold his eyes and died. He was 72 years old. Lockes focus has primarily been based upon the ideas of freedom and equating as a whole. He believed that citizens should raw(a)ly possess the right to life, liberty and happiness, which is portrayed in the arrangement of the United States. These undisputable rights or inwrought rights have derived from the law of nature. The law of nature is a state that re lies purely on the law of God, which is also known as moral law. This law gave people the natural right to life, liberty, and happiness without question.In addition, Locke believed that people also possess the basic right of self-defense if under attack. However, Lockes key aspect of his theories was the basic idea of equality. He said that nobody has the right to rule and that consent is critical because its based on the premises that all people are equal (Uzgalis, 2012). John Locke is still very much known as a political philosopher in nows modern society. Because much of Lockes philosophy centered on subjects such as natural rights and knowledge, he has in-turn shaped American politics in such a way that it has never been the same.Locke has challenged many theories that have to do with inalienable rights as a part of natural law therefore he had much to do with the involvement in the evolution of the American Government. He taught that, men by nature possess certain rights. He h ad a tremendous influence on all future political thinking. A clear representation of his involvement is portrayed in the declaration of independence. John Locke was, and will always be remembered as a pioneer in modern thinking.